Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) as a next-generation electrode: Classification, synthesis strategies, and electrochemical applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v6i4.986Keywords:
vanadium pentoxide, energy storage, nanostructures, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitorsAbstract
The escalating demand for advanced electrochemical energy storage drives the search for high-performance electrode materials. Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) has emerged as a premier candidate due to its abundance, rich redox chemistry, and distinctive layered structure that facilitates multivalent-ion intercalation. This review systematically examines recent advancements in V₂O₅ research, beginning with a structural classification of its nanomaterials (0D to 3D). We critically evaluate state-of-the-art synthesis strategies—such as hydrothermal and sol-gel methods—highlighting how precise morphological control governs electrochemical behavior. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of V₂O₅ across next-generation platforms, with particular emphasis on aqueous zinc-ion batteries, lithium/sodium-ion systems, and high-energy supercapacitors. Addressing inherent limitations like low intrinsic conductivity and structural degradation during cycling, we analyze the latest mitigation strategies, including defect engineering and conductive hybridization. Finally, this review outlines remaining bottlenecks and future perspectives, offering a strategic roadmap to accelerate the transition of V₂O₅ electrodes from laboratory research to commercial energy storage technologies.
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