Silver oxide nanoparticle-decorated Ti3C2Tx MXene nanocomposites for biomedical applications: Antibacterial activity, wound healing, cancer therapy, biosafety, and future perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v6i1.926Keywords:
MXene, Ag NPs, biomedical application, nanomedicine, biosensorsAbstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and the growing demand for multifunctional biomedical materials have increased interest in hybrid nanocomposites with enhanced antibacterial, therapeutic, and diagnostic performance. Among these materials, silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag₂O NPs) have attracted considerable attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, reactive oxygen species generation, and potential biomedical functionality. However, their practical application is often limited by aggregation, uncontrolled ion release, stability concerns, and dose-dependent cytotoxicity. MXenes, particularly Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene, offer a promising platform for overcoming these limitations because of their large surface area, hydrophilic surface terminations, excellent conductivity, photothermal conversion ability, and ease of surface modification. The integration of Ag₂O nanoparticles with MXene nanosheets can produce a synergistic nanocomposite with improved dispersion, enhanced antibacterial efficiency, controlled bioactivity, and potential utility in wound healing, infection control, cancer therapy, biosensing, and smart biomedical coatings. This review discusses the structural features, synthesis strategies, biomedical mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of Ag₂O-decorated Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene nanocomposites. Special emphasis is placed on antibacterial mechanisms, including silver ion release, oxidative stress, bacterial membrane disruption, and MXene-assisted photothermal effects. The review also highlights wound-healing applications, anticancer potential, biosensing opportunities, and major biosafety challenges associated with Ag₂O/MXene systems. Finally, current limitations, including long-term toxicity, MXene oxidation, reproducibility, scalability, and clinical translation, are critically discussed. Overall, Ag₂O/MXene nanocomposites represent an emerging class of biomedical nanomaterials with strong potential for next-generation antimicrobial and therapeutic platforms.
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