Advanced technologies and materials for water, energy, and green sustainability: A comprehensive review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v6i3.954Keywords:
environmental engineering, materials science, sustainable energy systems, advanced nanomaterials, photocatalysisAbstract
Advanced materials and innovative technologies in various scientific fields have to be synergically integrated across the globe in order to achieve the transition towards sustainable development. This broad review is systematic and integrates results from 132 recent publications to examine recent progress at the interfaces of materials science, environmental engineering, energy systems, fluid mechanics, and biotechnology. In environmental engineering, major advances are reported in MXene-based membranes for high-efficiency desalination, heterojunction photocatalysts for degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for selective adsorption. Materials science innovations are critically analysed with emphasis on multifunctional metal oxide nanoparticles, polymer nanocomposites with improved thermomechanical properties, and catalytic pyrolysis for valorization of wastes. Additionally, the review covers key advancements in energy systems, such as hydrogen infrastructure, hybrid microgrid optimization using advanced metaheuristic algorithms, and next-generation photovoltaic architectures. Prospective contributions to fluid mechanics, such as heat transfer using nanofluids and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) optimization, are also evaluated. Last, molecular dynamics simulations are applied in the design of biocatalysts, providing a glimpse into the contribution of computational tools in environmental biotechnology. The review brings together a multidisciplinary lens to clarify the interdependency of materials innovation, energy transition, and environmental sustainability, and suggests strategic research pathways.
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