Performance and carcass characteristics of grower pigs fed enzyme-supplemented dried cassava peel – maize cob composite meal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i7.606Keywords:
maize, performance, swine, conventional feeds, carcassAbstract
A 90-day trial was carried out to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of grower pigs fed enzyme-supplemented dried cassava peel-maize cob composite meal (CP-MC). A total of 36 crossbreed male grower pigs (Large white) of about 16 weeks old with an initial body weight of 20.31 ± 0.61 kg-1 were randomly allotted into four groups of nine animals per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates consisting of three pigs in a completely randomized design. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed 0% CP-MC while CP-MC was used to replace maize at 40% (T2), 50% (T3), and 60% (T4). Diet was adequate in all nutrients, and clean water and feed were offered ad libitum. Results on growth performance showed that average daily weight gain was higher in T4 (0.34 kg) and T3 (0.33 kg), intermediate in T2 (0.26 kg), and lower in T1 (0.23 kg) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the best feed conversion ratio was found among pigs in T4 followed by T3, T2, and T1 (p < 0.05). Conversely, average daily feed intake was not influenced by the treatments (p > 0.05). Dressing percentages varied from 61.60-71.94% were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. Weights of the head, belly, limbs, back fat thickness, kidney liver, lungs, and spleen were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. In conclusion, the replacement of maize with CP-MC at 60% improved the weight of pigs without compromising the performance of animals.
References
Adesehinwa, A. O. K., Obi, O. O., Makanjuola, B. A., Oluwole, O. O., & Adesina, M. A. (2011). Growing pigs fed cassava peel based diet supplemented with or without Farmazyme® 3000 proenx: Effect on growth, carcass and blood parameters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 2791-2796. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.967
Alagbe, J. O., Eimoga, A. A., & Alagbe, O. O. (2017). Growth response and carcass characteristics of weaner grass cutters fed diets supplemented with Polyalthia longifolia seed oil as a natural growth promoter. Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 7(5), 112-119. http://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2017.5.071617086
Alagbe, J. O. (2017). Growth performance and blood parameters of weaner pigs fed diets supplemented with turmeric powder. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(2), 57-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2017.5.071617086
Alagbe, J. O. (2017). Effect of miadasan as a dietary supplement on performance, carcass characteristic and blood profile of broiler chicken. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(2), 27-33.
Alagbe, J. O. (2017). Nutrient evaluation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel as a replacement for maize in the diets of weaner grass cutters. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(8), 277-282.
Alagbe, J. O. (2019). Effects of feeding varying levels of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) seed meal on the performance and blood profile of weaner grass cutters. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(1), 15-19.
Buchanan, A., Asker, N. E. Aly, M. M., Hala, A.M., Abdel-Wahed, M., & Omar, E. M. (2007). The use of sorghum in broiler and layer diets with reference to enzyme supplementation. Journal of Agricultural Science. Mansoura University, 23, 5307-5323.
Dey, T., Bhattacharjee, T., Nag, P., Ritika, Ghati, A., & Kuila, A. (2021). Valorization of agro-waste into value added products for sustainable development. Bioresource Technology Reports, 16, 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100834 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100834
Ekeledo, E., Latif, S., Abass, A., & Müller, J. (2021). Antioxidant potential of extracts from peels and stems of yellow-fleshed and white cassava varieties. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(3), 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14814 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14814
García-Valverde, R., Barea, R., Lara, L., Nieto, R., & Aguilera, J. F. (2008). The effects of feeding level upon protein and fat deposition in Iberian heavy pigs. Livestock Science, 114(2-3), 263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.005
Hong, T. T. T., van An, L, V., Be, P. T., & Lindberg, J. E. (2016). Effect of fermented rice bran and cassava waste on growth performance and meat quality of crossbred pigs. World Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(5), 132-138. https://www.sciepub.com/wjar/abstract/6217
Irekhore, O. T., Adeyemi, O. M., Idowu, O. M. O., Akinola, O. S., Bello, K. O. (2015). Growth performance, haematological indices and cost benefits of growing pigs fed cassava peel meal diets supplemented with Allzyme® SSF. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apiculture Research, 11(1-2), 51-59. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijaaar/article/view/141567
Jit, B. P., Pattnaik, S., Arya, R., Dash, R., Sahoo, S. S., Pradhan, B., Bhuyan, P. P., Behera, P. K., Jena, M., Sharma, A., Agrawala, P. K., & Behera, R. K. (2022). Phytochemicals: A potential next generation agent for radioprotection. Phytomedicine, 106, 154188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154188 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154188
Khamphasan, P., Lomthaisong, K., Harakotr, B., Ketthaisong, D., Scott, M .P., Lertrat, K., & Suriham, B. (2018). Genotypic variation in anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in cob and husk of purple field corn. Agronomy, 8(11), 271. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8110271
Lo Fiego, D. P., Santoro, P., Macchioni, P., & Leonibus, E. (2005). Influence of genetic type, live weight at slaughter and carcass fatness on fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of raw ham in the heavy pig. Meat Science, 69(1), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.010
Nrc. (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edn. National Academy of Service Washington DC.
Njoku, C. P., Aina, A. B. J., Sogunle, O. M., Oduguwa, O. O., Adeyemi, O. A., & Ekunseitan, D. A. (2013). Influence of feed quantity offered on linear body measurements, nutrient digestibility, and back fat composition of finishing pigs. The Pacific Journal of Science Technology, 14(1), 387-396.
Ojediran, T. K., Olayiwola, S., Adeyeye, M., Ajayi, A. F., & Emiola, I. A., (2020a). Effect of palm kernel meal- based diet with or without enzyme supplementation on growth performance, economic benefits and villi morphometry of weaned pigs. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 35(2), 129-139.
Oladunjoye, I. O., Ojebiyi, O. O., & Odunsi, A. A (2008). Performance, characteristics and egg quality of laying chicken fed lyre treated cassava peel meal. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of ASAN. 12th -19th September. ABU, Zaria, 355-357 p.
Oladunjoye, I. O., Ojebiyi, O., & Amao, O. A (2010). Effect of feeding processed cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) peel meal based diet on the performance characteristics, egg quality and blood profile of laying chicken. Agricultural Tropica et Subtropica, 43(2), 119-126. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20103313026
Olowoyeye, J. O., Agbede, J. O., Igbasan, F. A., Oloruntola, O. D., & Ayeni, A. O. (2019). Effect of replacing maize with cassava peel-leaf mixture on growth performance of broiler chikens. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 31(10). https://lrrd.cipav.org.co/lrrd31/10/olugb31155.html
Owen, O. J., & Amakiri, A. O (2010). Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): It’s potentials, opportunities and challenges. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production. 14-17th March, 2010. University of Ibadan, Oyo State. Nigeria, 333-335 p.
Thuppahige, V. T. W., Moghaddam, L., Welsh, Z. G., Wang, T., & Karim, A. (2023). Investigation of critical properties of cassava (Manihot esculenta) peel and bagasse as starch-rich fibrous agro-industrial wates for biodegradable food packaging. Food Chemistry, 422, 136200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136200
Unigwe, C. R., Raji, A. M., Ajayi, J. O., Popoola, A. M., Balogun, F. A., & Adekunle, F. O. (2017). Carcass, organ weights and histo-morphology of internal organs of sows fed fermented and enzyme-supplemented cassava peels meal (CPM) based diets. Journal of Plant and Animal Sciences, 2(1), 26-36.
Williams, G. A., Akinola, O. S., Adeleye, T. M., Irekhore, O. T., Oso, A. O., Ayansola., E. I., Oke, I. O., Ogunrombi, J. O., Ogunpitan, K. O., & Bamgbose, A. M. (2022). Effect of differently processed cassava peel-leaf blend on growth performance, carcass yield and ileal microflora of growing pigs. Trends in Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.17311/tas.2022.78.86 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17311/tas.2022.78.86
Zavala-López, M., López-Tavera, E., Figueroa-Cárdenas, J. D., Serna-Saldívar, S. O., & García-Lara, S. (2018). Screening of major phenolics and antioxidant activities in teosinte populations and modern maize types. Journal of Cereal Science, 79, 276-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.007
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Nnadozie Anorue
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.