Haemato-biochemical indices and immune response of grower pigs fed enzyme supplemented dried cassava peel and maize cob composite meal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i6.579Keywords:
cassava peel, enzyme, nutrition, haematology, pigs, serumAbstract
This study was carried out to examine the haemato-biochemical and immune response of grower pigs fed enzyme supplemented dried cassava peel and maize cob composite meal (CPMCM). A total of 36 crossbreed male grower pigs (Large white) of about 16 weeks old were randomly distributed into four groups of nine animals per treatment. Each treatment was further divided into three replicates consisting of three pigs in a completely randomized design. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed 0% CPMCM while CPMCM was used to replace maize at 40% (T2), 50% (T3) and 60% in T4. Examination of phyto-constituents in CPMCM showed that it contains alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cyanide, phenols and flavonoids at 20.05 mg/kg-1, 9.06 mg/kg-1, 10.04 mg/kg-1, 15.03 mg/kg-1, 8.92 mg/kg-1 and 14.11 mg/kg-1 respectively. Haematological results revealed that red blood cell, pack cell volume, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, monocytes and lymphocytes were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the treatment except for basophils count (p > 0.05). Total protein, total bilirubin, glucose, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase values were significantly different among the treatment (p < 0.05) except for cholesterol and urea levels. It was concluded that all the blood parameters evaluated were within the established range for healthy pigs and dietary replacement of cassava peel and maize cob composite meal (CPMCM) with maize up to 60% pose no deleterious effect on the health of the animals.
References
Adesehinwa, A. O. K. (2016). Energy and protein requirements of pigs and the utilization of fibrous feedstuffs in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(25), 4798-4806.
Adesehinwa, A. O. K., Obi, O. O., Makanjuola, B. A., Oluwole, O. O., & Adesina, M. A. (2011). Growing pigs fed cassava peel based diet supplemented with or without Farmazyme® 3000 proenx: Effect on growth, carcass and blood parameters. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10, 2791-2796. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.967 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.967
Adewale, A. O., Alagbe, J. O., & Adeoye, A. O. (2021). Dietary supplementation of Rauvolfia vomitoria root extract as a phytogenic feed additive in growing rabbit diets: Haematology and serum biochemical indices. International Journal of Current Researches in Sciences, Social Sciences and Languages, 1(3), 15-26. https://www.ijcrsssl.com/papers/v1/i3/IJCRSSSLV1I30003.pdf
Alagbe, J. O (2023). Investigating the effects of dietary supplementation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil on haemato-biochemical indices, immune response and oxidative stress of weaned rabbits. Matrix Science Pharma, 7(3), 103-108. https://doi.org/10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_17_23
Alagbe, J. O (2023). Investigating the effects of dietary supplementation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation of weaned rabbits. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3): 139-148. http://jomardpublishing.com/UploadFiles/Files/journals/RV/V7N3/Alagbe.pdf
Alagbe, J. O., & Anuore, D. N. (2023). Effect of doum palm mesocarp meal (Hyphaene thebaica) as partial replacement for maize on growth performance and heamatological indices of weaned pigs. Journal of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research, 5(3), 1-6. http://doi.org/10.47363/JBBR/2023(5)161 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47363/JBBR/2023(5)161
Alagbe, J. O., Anuore, D. N., Daniel, S. M., & Ramalan, S. M. (2023). Growth performance and physiological response of weaned pigs fed diet supplemented with novel a phytogenics. Brazilian Journal of Science, 3(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i1.444 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i1.444
Alagbe, J. O. (2017). Growth performance and blood parameters of weaner pigs fed diets supplemented with turmeric powder. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 7(2), 57-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2017.5.071617086
Alagbe, J. O. (2017). Nutrient evaluation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel as a replacement for maize in the diets of weaner grass cutters. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(8), 277-282.
Alagbe, J. O. (2023). Impact of dietary supplementation of Carica papaya essential oil on the blood chemistry of broiler chickens. Food Science & Applied Microbiology Reports, 2(2), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.61363/meqmwj94
Alagbe, J. O (2023). Investigating the effects of dietary supplementation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation of weaned rabbits. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 139-148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/mtsp.mtsp_17_23
Anorue, D. N., Ubong F., & John, A. O. (2023). Investigating the effects of pawpaw (Carica papaya) essential oil dietary supplementation on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Research in: Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, 7(3), 164-174.
Daramola, J. O., Adeloye, A. A., Fatoba, T. A., & Soladoye, A. O. (2005). Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 17(8). Available at: http://www.irrd.org17/8/clara/17095.htm
Etim, N. N., Enyenihi, G. E., Akpabio, U., & Offiong, E. E. A. (2014a). Effects of nutrition on haematology of rabbits: A Review. European Scientific Journal, 10(3), 413-424. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236412845.pdf
Jain, N. C. (1986). Schalm's Veterinary Haematology. 4th Edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
Kosemani, B. S., & Bamgboye, A. I. (2021). Modelling energy use pattern for maize (Zea mays L.) production in Nigeria. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 2, 100051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100051
Mathivanan, R., Selvaraj, P., & Nanjappan, K. (2006). Feeding of fermented soybean meal on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 5(9), 868-872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.868.872
Maxwell, M. H., Robertson, G. W., Spence, S., & McCorquodale, C. C. (1990). Composition of haematological values in restricted and ad libitum fed domesticated fowls. RBC characteristics. British Poultry Science, 60, 1474-1484.
Merck Veterinary Manual. (2010). Merck Veterinary. In: Manual 10th edition. Merck and Co. Inc. Rahway N. J.
Mitruka, H. M., & Rawnsley, S. K. (1977). Chemical, biochemical and haematological reference in normal experimental animals. Mason, N.Y., 287-380 p.
Musa, B., Alagbe, J. O., Betty, A. M., & Omokore, E. A. (2020). Growth performance, caeca microbial population and immune response of broiler chicks fed aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca and Alchornea cordifolia stem bark mixture. UIJRT - United International Journal for Research & Technology, 1(11), 13-21. https://uijrt.com/articles/v1/i11/UIJRTV1I110002.pdf
NPC. (2006). National Population Commission, National Population Census Headquarters, Abuja, Nigeria.
NRC. (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. In: 9th Revised Edn. National Academy of Service Washington DC.
Odunsi, A. A., Ojifade, A. A., & Babatunde, G. M. (1999). Response of broiler chicks to virginmycin and dietary protein concentration in the humid tropics. Archivos de Zootecnia, 48(183), 317-325. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4141
Oke, U. K., Herbert, U., Ebuzoeme, C. O. and Nwachukwu, E. N. (2007). Effect of genotype on the haematology of Nigerian local chickens in a humid tropical environment. Proceedings of 32nd Annual Conference of Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP), Calabar, Nigeria 18th-21st March, 18-21 p.
Okoli, F. C., Okparaocha, C. O., Chinweze, C. E., & Udedibie, A. B. I. (2012). Physicochemical and hydrogen cyanide content of three processed cassava products used in feeding poultry in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(4), 334-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2012.334.340
Olabanji, R. O., Farinu, G. O., Akinlade, J. A., & Ojebiyi, O. O. (2007). Growth performance and haematological characteristics of weaner rabbits fed cyanide in processed cassava peel meals on haematological and biochemical indices of growing rabbits. Proc. of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Products, 212 p.
Oladimeji, S. O., Adeyemi, A. A., Mosuro, A. O., Adebayo, B. F., Etop, S. C., Adebiyi, F. G., & Ogunwole, O. A. (2022). Nutritional composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel products. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(10), 1-7. https://www.lrrd.org/lrrd34/10/3490olad.html
Oladunjoye, I. O., Ojedapo, L. O., & Ojebiyi, O. O. (2005). Essential of non ruminant animal production. In: Publisher positive press Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oladunjoye, I. O., Ojebiyi, O. O., & Odunsi, A. A (2008). Performance, characteristics and egg quality of laying chicken fed lyre treated cassava peel meal. In: Proceedings of the Annual Conference of ASAN. 12th -19th September. ABU, Zaria, 355-357 p.
Oladunjoye, I. O., Ojebiyi, O., & Amao, O.A (2010). Effect of feeding processed cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) peel meal based diet on the performance characteristics, egg quality and blood profile of laying chicken. Agricultural Tropica et Subtropica, 43(2), 119-126.
Olafedehan, O. A., Olafadehan, O. O., Adewumi, M. K.,Omotugba, S. K., & Daniel N. E. (2008). Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference, Nigeria Society of Animal Production, 132-135 p.
Oleforuh-Okoleh, V. U., Adeolu, A. I., & Egbuhelu C. O. (2010). Growth performance and economic benefits of cockerels fed diet containing graded levels of cassava peel meal. In: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Nigeria Society for Animal Production. March 14-17th, University of Ibadan Nigeria, 324-326 p.
Shittu, M. T., Alagbe, J. O., Ojebiyi, O. O., Ojediran, T. K., & Rafiu, T. A. (2022). Growth performance and haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens given varied concentrations of Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract in place of conventional antibiotics. Animal Science and Genetics, 18(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9185
Togun, V. A., Oseni, B. S. A., Ogundipe, J. A., Arewa, T. R., Hameed, A. A., Ajonijebu, D. C., Oyeniran, A., Nwosisi, I. and Mustapha, F. (2007). Effects of chronic lead administration on the haematological parameters of rabbit - a preliminary study. In: Proceedings of the 41st Conferences of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria, Zari, 22-26 October, 341 p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel Nnadozie Anorue
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
